TOEFL ITP Reading set 024
Reading Comprehension practice — read the passage and choose the best answer.
ภาระทางปัญญาในการเรียนรู้แบบมัลติมีเดีย
- Line numbers appear every 5 lines.
- Answer all 10 questions, then choose ตรวจคำตอบ to see the Thai translation, score summary, and explanation.
- Use Previous / Next to open the previous or next practice set.
Cognitive load theory explains how limited working memory
shapes learning from multimedia materials such as narrated
slides, animations, and interactive simulations. Working
memory can hold only a few elements at once, so designers
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must decide which information learners process and which
distractions they avoid. Researchers divide cognitive load
into three kinds. Intrinsic load reflects the inherent
difficulty of the content and the learner's prior knowledge.
Extraneous load arises from poor design—cluttered screens,
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redundant text that repeats spoken narration, or decorative
motion that adds nothing to understanding. Germane load is
the productive effort invested in building coherent mental
models from useful cues and meaningful practice.
When a lesson floods the screen with unrelated images while
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a voice explains a process, extraneous load rises and leaves
less capacity for germane processing. Eye-tracking studies
often show learners glancing between competing sources and
missing key steps in the explanation. Removing decorative
graphics, aligning labels near diagrams, and letting
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learners control pacing can free working memory for deeper
learning. Segmenting a complex animation into short clips
also helps novices who cannot yet chunk steps into larger
units. Signaling with brief highlights or spoken cues can
direct attention to relations that matter. Conversely,
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experts may benefit from denser displays because their
schemas already organize the material; simplifying too much
can reduce germane challenge and slow growth for advanced
students who still need richer problems to improve.
Effective multimedia therefore balances clarity with
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demand. Designers should cut noise that competes for
attention, preserve cues that guide comparison and
inference, and match difficulty to the audience. Course
reviews that score only visual polish often miss whether
learners can recall processes later. Teachers who understand
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these load types can judge whether a flashy module truly
supports learning or merely entertains while working memory
quietly overflows under mixed competing signals.